Battle of Zusmarshausen
Summary
This battle concludes the major land operations of the Thirty Years' War. French and allied forces win a decisive victory that precipitates the end of the conflict in Europe.
Historical context
In May 1648, Turenne and Wrangel pursued the Austro-Bavarian army of Gronsfeld and Melander, which after a failed siege of Magdeburg retreated toward the Danube; dissension among Imperial commanders delayed their coordinated action.
Tactics
After a night crossing of the Danube at Lawingen, Turenne surprised Montecuccoli's rearguard; Melander, mortally wounded while covering the retreat, left 2,000 infantrymen taken or sabred and 8 guns captured, while Württemberg covered the flight toward Augsburg.
Consequences
Victory opened southern Germany to the Franco-Swedish forces: they ravaged the right bank of the Danube, drove out the Elector of Bavaria, and marched on the Inn, before being forced to withdraw for lack of supplies and because of rain, on the eve of the Peace of Westphalia.