Battle of the Cumbres de Acultzingo

The Battle of the Cumbres de Acultzingo pitted French forces marching on Mexico City against the republican Mexican army commanded by Zaragoza. The better-equipped French troops attempted to force a passage through the mountains to continue their advance. The engagement took place in steep, difficult terrain favorable to the Mexican defense. Despite this, the French managed to drive back the defenders and secure the pass.

As part of the French military intervention decided by Napoleon III to establish an empire favorable to French interests in Mexico, the army commanded by Lorencez pushed toward the center of the country. Control of the mountain passes was strategic for reaching Puebla and Mexico City. General Zaragoza attempted to block access to the heights with a small but determined force.

Lorencez divided his forces into several columns to attack Mexican positions on the ridges. Light French artillery bombarded the heights while infantry climbed the steep slopes. The use of Chassepot rifles and troop discipline enabled the defenders to be dislodged after several hours of fighting. The Mexicans withdrew in good order, preserving part of their strength.

The victory allowed the French to continue their advance toward Puebla. However, it gave Lorencez excessive confidence that would lead to the catastrophe of the Battle of Puebla one week later. Strategically, although the position was won, the political failure to mobilize local support began to appear.