Second Opium War
1860
Below are the engagements of this conflict that took place in 1860, with the forces engaged, commanders and consequences for France in each battle.
Era : Modern Era
- 1860 Capture of the Dagu Forts Victory
On 21 August 1860, Franco-British forces launched a coordinated assault against the Dagu forts defending river access to Tianjin and Beijing. These fortifications had repulsed an assault attempt in 1859. This time, better prepared, the Allies attacked simultaneously from sea and land. After violent fighting, the forts fell within hours. This victory opened the way to the invasion of northern China.
- 1860 Battle of Palikao Victory
The Battle of Palikao constituted the last great resistance of the Qing dynasty before the entry of Franco-British troops into Beijing. Despite strong numerical inferiority, the Allies crushed the imperial troops. General Cousin-Montauban led a decisive breakthrough, exploiting the tactical and technological superiority of Western troops. The Qing defeat opened the road to the capital, precipitating the end of the conflict.
- 1860 Battle of Zhangjiawan Victory
The Battle of Zhangjiawan saw Franco-British forces face a Qing imperial army three times superior in number. The Chinese army, stationed near Tongzhou to protect access to Beijing, attempted to block the allied advance. Despite numerical inferiority, Franco-British troops maneuvered skillfully, using artillery and discipline to repulse the enemy. The Qing lines gave way after several hours of combat.