Battle of Fez
Fez Expedition (establishment of the protectorate) · Fez, Morocco
Summary
In May 1911, General Moinier's French column entered Fez to rescue the garrison and European nationals besieged by a coalition of Berber tribes. After several days of fierce combat on the outskirts and in the streets of the city, the French regained control and dispersed the rebels. This military victory enabled definitive establishment of the French protectorate over Morocco.
Historical context
France extended influence in Morocco since the nineteenth century, competing with Spain and Germany. In 1911 Sultan Moulay Hafid called for revolt against European interference. Zairi tribes besieged Fez where French citizens and legionnaires were located.
Tactics
Moinier relieved Fez with mobile columns of tirailleurs, legionnaires, and spahis. Mountain artillery and machine guns repelled tribal charges. French forces, superior in arms and discipline, dispersed rebels and secured the city.
Consequences
The Treaty of Fes (1912) established French protectorate over Morocco. Germany received compensation in equatorial Africa (Cameroon). Fez 1911 illustrates Third Republic imperial logic and 'Moroccan affairs' that contributed to pre-1914 tensions.