Battle of Vimeiro

Junot attempted a frontal attack against Wellesley's fortified positions around Vimeiro. Despite several determined assaults, the French failed to break through. British defensive superiority, well-positioned artillery, and use of terrain prevented any French advance. Junot was forced to retreat.

After failure at Évora and allied victory at Roliça, Junot concentrated his forces to defend Lisbon. He chose to give battle at Vimeiro before further British reinforcements landed. But his attacks were poorly coordinated and conducted without sufficient reconnaissance.

The French attacked in columns against defensive lines established on heights. Wellesley used his infantry in double line, well supported by artillery. Each French attack was methodically repulsed. British cavalry intervened effectively to cut off assaults.

This defeat led to the Convention of Cintra (30 August 1808), obliging France to evacuate all of Portugal. It was a considerable strategic setback for Napoleon. He recalled Junot, replaced French generals, and planned a new Iberian invasion in 1809.