Siege and Capture of Badajoz
Spanish War of Independence · Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain
Summary
From 16 March to 6 April 1812 Wellington besieged and took Badajoz, French stronghold in Extremadura commanded by General Philippon. After two repelled assaults, British breached the walls on 6 April. Capture was followed by looting and violence against civilians; Wellington wept seeing the damage.
Historical context
Badajoz controlled the route between Portugal and Spain; its capture was essential for Wellington to advance in Spain. Philippon defended the town with 5,000 men and reinforced fortifications. Wellington had 25,000 besiegers and powerful siege artillery.
Tactics
Wellington established siege batteries and parallel trenches. First two assaults (26 March, 6 April morning) were repelled with heavy British losses. Third assault, evening of 6 April, breached castle and citadel; French capitulated after fierce street fighting.
Consequences
The loss of Badajoz deprived the French of an essential foothold in southwestern Iberia. The brutality of the siege, notably the massacres and looting that followed the assault, temporarily tarnished the reputation of British troops. General Philippon was taken prisoner.